Conditions When Phaco Surgery is Performed

Phaco surgery, also known as phacoemulsification, is recommended for individuals with cataracts, a condition in which the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, impairing vision. It is commonly performed in cases of:

• Age-related cataracts
• Congenital cataracts
• Traumatic cataracts
• Secondary cataracts due to other eye conditions or surgeries
• Cataracts due to diabetes or prolonged steroid use

Key Takeaways - Phaco Surgery Procedure

• Type of Procedure: Minimally invasive surgical procedure involving the removal of the cloudy lens using ultrasound waves and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
• Duration: Usually completed within 15 to 30 minutes per eye.
• Anesthesia Used: Local anesthesia (typically in the form of numbing eye drops) is used. Sedation may be given if needed.
• Recovery Time: Most patients resume normal activities within 1 to 2 days, though complete visual recovery can take 2 to 4 weeks. Eye drops and follow-up visits are essential during recovery.

Types of Phaco Surgery

• Conventional Phacoemulsification: The most common method is using ultrasound energy to emulsify the cataract. Involves a small corneal incision and the placement of an intraocular lens (IOL).
• Micro-Incision Cataract Surgery (MICS): A more advanced technique with smaller incisions (less than 2mm). Reduces recovery time and minimizes surgical risks like astigmatism.
• Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS): Uses laser technology for precise incisions and cataract fragmentation. Offers enhanced accuracy and better outcomes in complex cases.
• Bimanual Phaco Surgery: Uses two separate micro-instruments for better control. Ideal for advanced cases needing higher precision.

Indications of Phaco Surgery Procedure

Phaco surgery is indicated for individuals with:

• Cataracts cause blurred vision, glare, or reduced visual clarity
• Loss of daily functioning due to cataract-related vision impairment

The primary purposes of phaco surgery are:

• Cataract Removal: To remove the clouded lens responsible for vision impairment.
• Vision Improvement: To restore clear vision and enhance overall visual quality.
• Reduced Dependence on Glasses: The choice of an appropriate IOL can reduce the need for glasses or contact lenses after surgery.

Benefits of Phaco Surgery

• Quick Recovery: The small incision size allows faster healing, enabling patients to resume daily activities sooner.
• Minimally Invasive: The surgery requires a tiny incision, reducing the chances of infection and lowering tissue damage.
• Enhanced Vision: Phaco surgery effectively restores clear vision by replacing the cloudy lens with a high-quality intraocular lens (IOL).
• Outpatient Procedure: It is typically performed on an outpatient basis, so no prolonged hospital stay is needed.
• Improved Accuracy: Advanced technology enables accurate cataract removal for dietary outcomes.
• Reduced Pain and Discomfort: The small incision and advanced techniques result in less postoperative discomfort.
• Customizable IOLs: Patients can choose from various IOL options, including monofocal, multifocal, and toric lenses, to address specific vision needs.
• Lower Risk of Complications: Modern equipment and expertise minimize the likelihood of complications compared to traditional cataract surgery.

Preparation for Phaco Surgery Procedure

Preparing for phaco cataract surgery (Phacoemulsification) involves several steps to ensure a successful procedure and smoother recovery:

• Consultation: Schedule a consultation with the ophthalmologist who will perform the surgery. Discuss your medical history, medications, allergies, and any concerns you may have.
• Eye Examination: The ophthalmologist will conduct a comprehensive eye examination to assess the cataract's severity and determine the most suitable IOL for you.
• Medication Review: Inform the medical team about any medications you're taking, especially blood thinners or anticoagulants, as they might need to be adjusted before the surgery.
• Fasting: You might be instructed to fast before the surgery to ensure an empty stomach.
• Arrangements: Arrange for transportation to and from the clinic or hospital on the day of the surgery, as your vision might be temporarily affected.
• Eye Drops: Follow the instructions regarding any prescribed eye drops to prepare the eye for surgery.
• Consent: Understand and sign the informed consent form, which outlines the procedure, potential risks, and benefits.
• Questions: Prepare any questions you have about the procedure, the choice of IOL, and post-surgery care to discuss with your ophthalmologist.

Procedure of Phaco Surgery

During a phaco surgery procedure, the following steps generally take place:

• Preparation: You'll receive numbing eye drops, and the surgical area will be sterilized for comfort and safety.
• Incision: A tiny incision (2-3 mm) is made in the cornea to access the cataract.
• Capsulorhexis: The circular opening made in the lens capsule for the removal of the cataract.
• Phacoemulsification: An ultrasound probe shards the cloudy lens into small pieces, and suctions it away.
• IOL Placement: A clear artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted to replace the removed lens.
• Closure: The incision seals naturally without stitches.
• Recovery: After observation, you'll be discharged with instructions for care.

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Recovery After Phaco Surgery Procedure

Recovery after phaco surgery varies based on individual factors and the extent of the procedure. Here's a general outline of what to expect:

• Observation: You might stay in a recovery area for a short time to ensure there are no immediate complications.
• Discharge: Once stable, you'll be allowed to go home with specific post-operative instructions.
• Eye Shield: An eye shield might be provided to protect the operated eye from accidental injury and to prevent rubbing.
• Eye Drops: You'll receive a schedule for prescribed eye drops to prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.
• Follow-Up: Your ophthalmologist will schedule a follow-up appointment to assess your progress, remove any sutures (if used), and monitor your healing.
• Activity Restrictions: You might be advised to avoid activities that could strain or irritate the eye, such as strenuous exercise and swimming.

Lifestyle Changes After Phaco Surgery Procedure

• Eye Care: Follow the post-operative care instructions provided by your ophthalmologist to ensure proper healing and minimize the risk of infection.
• Avoid Rubbing: Avoid rubbing or putting pressure on the operated eye to prevent complications.
• Sunglasses: Protect your eyes from bright sunlight or harsh lights by wearing sunglasses when outdoors.
• Avoid Dust and Irritants: Keep the eye clean and avoid exposure to dust, smoke, and other irritants that might cause discomfort.
• Medication Adherence: Follow the prescribed medication regimen, especially the use of eye drops, to support healing and prevent complications.
• Hydration and Nutrition: Stay well-hydrated and maintain a balanced diet to support overall healing and recovery.