Who Needs Colonoscopy Procedures?

This procedure is usually required for:

• Screening for colorectal cancer, especially for individuals aged 45 and older
• Investigating symptoms like rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, constipation, or abdominal pain
• Polyp removal or biopsy of abnormal tissue
• Monitoring inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
• Follow-up after previous colonoscopy findings or family history of colon cancer

Key Takeaways

• Type of Procedure: Minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedure
• Duration: Typically 30 to 60 minutes
• Anesthesia Used: Sedation or light anesthesia (usually conscious sedation or monitored anesthesia care)
• Recovery Time: Most patients recover within a few hours; full return to normal activities by the next day

Types of Colonoscopy Procedures

Colonoscopy procedures can vary depending on the purpose and technique used.

Here are the main types:

• Diagnostic Colonoscopy
• Screening Colonoscopy
• Surveillance Colonoscopy
• Therapeutic Colonoscopy
• Virtual Colonoscopy (CT Colonography)
• Pediatric Colonoscopy

What are the Indications of Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy is commonly performed for diagnostic, screening, and preventive purposes. Here are the key indications for undergoing a colonoscopy:

• Screening for Colon Cancer: Colonoscopy is a crucial tool for detecting early signs of colorectal cancer, particularly for individuals at average or increased risk.
• Unexplained Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Persistent symptoms like abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, or other digestive issues may require a colonoscopy to identify the underlying cause.
• Family History of Colorectal Cancer: Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or certain genetic conditions that increase cancer risk might require earlier or more frequent colonoscopies.
• Polyp Detection and Removal: Colonoscopy allows for the detection and removal of polyps, abnormal growths that can potentially develop into cancer over time.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Monitoring: Patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis may require periodic colonoscopies to assess disease activity and monitor complications.
• Positive Stool-Based Tests: If stool-based tests, such as faecal occult blood tests, indicate possible abnormalities, a colonoscopy might be recommended for further evaluation.
• Anemia Investigation: Colonoscopy may be used to identify the source of unexplained anemia or chronic blood loss in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Surveillance After Surgery: Individuals who have undergone surgery for colorectal conditions might need follow-up colonoscopies to ensure proper healing and monitor for any new issues.
• Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Colonoscopy is a valuable tool for investigating the source of gastrointestinal bleeding, identifying areas of bleeding, and potentially providing treatment.
• Suspected Colonic Mass or Lesions: When imaging or other tests suggest the presence of abnormal masses or lesions in the colon, a colonoscopy can provide direct visualization for accurate diagnosis.

Benefits of Colonoscopy

• Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: Colonoscopy helps detect precancerous polyps or tumours in the colon. Early detection of these growths increases the likelihood of successful treatment and prevention of cancer development.
• Diagnosis of Colorectal Conditions: Colonoscopy helps diagnose various colorectal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diverticulosis, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Polyp Removal: Polyps (abnormal growths) can be identified and removed during the procedure, reducing the risk of them becoming cancerous over time.
• Management of Symptoms: Colonoscopy can help determine the cause of symptoms like unexplained abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, and rectal bleeding.

Key Takeaways of Colonoscopy

• Type of Procedure: Minimally invasive, diagnostic procedure using a flexible tube with a camera.
• Duration: Typically 30 to 60 minutes.
• Anesthesia Used: Sedation or light anesthesia to keep you comfortable during the procedure.
• Recovery Time: Most people resume normal activities within a few hours, but you may need to rest for the remainder of the day due to the sedative effects.

How to Prepare for a Colonoscopy Procedure?

Proper preparation is essential for a successful and accurate colonoscopy procedure. The quality of the practice directly affects the visibility of the colon lining during the examination.

Here's a general guide on how to prepare for a colonoscopy:

• Consult Doctor: Share your medical history, medications, and allergies with your doctor.
• Follow Instructions: Pay close attention to the preparation instructions your doctor gives you.
• Diet Modifications: Avoid high-fibre foods or stick to a clear, liquid diet prior to the procedure. Stay away from seeds, nuts, and fresh vegetables.
• Bowel preparation: Follow your doctor's instructions to clean out your colon by taking the prescribed laxative.
• Hydration: Drink clear fluids, but do not drink red or purple liquids.
• Medication: Tell your doctor about what you take; it may change.
• Stay by the Toilet: The bowel prep will cause frequent bathroom visits.
• Fasting:  Do not eat or drink for the indicated period prior to the procedure.

Steps Involved in Colonoscopy Procedure

A colonoscopy procedure is typically done to screen for colorectal conditions, including detecting polyps, tumors, inflammation, and other abnormalities. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of what happens during a colonoscopy procedure:

• Pre-procedure Preparation: Before the procedure, you'll receive instructions from your healthcare provider on how to prepare. It usually involves dietary restrictions, laxatives, and a clear liquid diet to ensure the colon is adequately cleansed.
• Arrival and Check-In: You'll check in at the medical facility on the day of the procedure. Medical professionals will review your medical history, ensure you understand the procedure, and answer any questions.
• Pre-procedure Monitoring: You'll be taken to a pre-procedure area, where your signs will be checked, and you'll change into a hospital gown.
• Anesthesia and Sedation: In most cases, you'll receive sedation to help you relax and reduce discomfort during the procedure.
• Positioning: You'll be asked to lie on your side with your knees drawn up towards your chest. This position allows for easier insertion of the colonoscope.
• Insertion of Colonoscope: A flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the rectum to examine the colon.
• Visualization: As the colonoscope advances, the camera sends real-time images to a monitor. The doctor carefully navigates the scope through the entire colon length, examining the lining for abnormalities.
• Polyp Detection and Removal: If polyps or other abnormalities are detected, the doctor can remove them using specialized instruments. This process is painless and often goes unnoticed by the patient.
• Biopsy (if needed): If an area appears suspicious, the doctor may perform a biopsy, which involves collecting a small tissue sample for further analysis.
• Completion and Withdrawal: After the examination, the colonoscope is gently withdrawn. Depending on various factors, the procedure typically takes 30 to 60 minutes.

Your health is everything - prioritize your well-being today.

Schedule Your Appointment

Who Will Perform Colonoscopy?

A medical team specializing in gastroenterology or colorectal care performs a colonoscopy procedure. Here are the professionals and resources you can reach out to:

• Gastroenterologist
• Primary Care Physician (PCP)
• Medical Centers and Hospitals
• Gastroenterology Clinics

Potential Complications of Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is generally a safe procedure, but like any medical procedure, it carries some risks. Serious complications are rare but can occur:

• Bleeding: Most common after polyp removal (polypectomy). Usually minor and stops on its own or with minimal treatment.
• Perforation (Tear in the Colon Wall): Rare but serious complication. May require surgery to repair.
• Reactions to Sedation: Some people may experience dizziness, low blood pressure, or allergic reactions. Monitoring during and after the procedure helps manage this.
• Infection: Rare but possible, especially if biopsies or polyp removal is done. Usually treated with antibiotics if needed.
• Abdominal Pain or Cramping: Mild discomfort or bloating is common. Severe or persistent pain should be reported to a doctor.
• Incomplete Colonoscopy: Sometimes the entire colon cannot be examined, requiring a repeat procedure or alternative tests.
• Post-Procedure Bleeding (Delayed): Bleeding may occur several days after polyp removal. Contact your doctor if you notice blood in your stool.
• Cardiopulmonary Issues (Very Rare): Irregular heartbeat or breathing problems can occur due to sedation, especially in older adults or those with heart/lung issues.

Recovery After Colonoscopy Procedure

Recovery after a colonoscopy procedure is generally smooth and straightforward. While the procedure is minimally invasive, there are a few essential steps to ensure a comfortable and safe recovery. Here's what you can expect after a colonoscopy:

• Recovery: You will be monitored after the procedure until the sedation wears off.
• Discharge: Have someone drive you home once you're completely alert.
• Rest: Take the day off, as sedation can make you feel tired or drowsy.
• Diet: Slowly return to your usual diet and drink plenty of water. Avoid alcohol and caffeine.
• Discomfort: Some mild bloating or gas is to be expected and will pass within a day or two.
• Follow-Up: Your doctor will discuss the results and, if necessary, advise you on the next steps.
• Medications: Resume any suspended medicines as instructed by your physician.
• Consult a doctor: If you have severe pain, bleeding or fever.
• Regular Routine: Most people resume their normal activities the next day.

Following your doctor's post-procedure instructions ensures a smooth recovery and promptly addresses concerns.

Lifestyle Changes After Colonoscopy Procedure

Lifestyle changes after a colonoscopy procedure are often minimal, as the procedure is not significantly disruptive to your daily routine. However, a colonoscopy can serve as a reminder of the importance of maintaining good digestive health.

Here are a few considerations and potential lifestyle changes you might consider after a colonoscopy:

• Food: Adopt a healthy diet and increase fibre, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of water each day to promote digestion.
• Exercise: Most days include 30 minutes of exercise.
• Screenings: Follow your doctor's recommendation for regular screenings and follow-ups.
• Healthy Lifestyle: Control stress, sleep well, and don't smoke or drink too much.
• Symptom Awareness: Look for changes to bowel habits, pain, or bleeding, and speak to your doctor if so.
• Family History: Inform your doctor of any family history of colorectal problems.
• Weight Management: Help manage your weight with diet and exercise.