| Cephalosporins |
Antibiotic, beta-lactam |
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, with activity against a range of gr… |
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| Corticosteroids |
Anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant |
Modulate gene expression to reduce inflammation and immune system activity. |
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| Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors |
Antidiabetic, incretin enhancer |
Inhibit DPP-4 enzyme, increasing levels of incretin hormones, thus enhanci… |
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| Diuretics |
Renal agent, antihypertensive |
Increase urine output by acting on various parts of the renal tubule, used… |
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| GLP-1 Agonists (Incretin Mimetics) |
Antidiabetic, incretin mimetic |
Mimic the incretin hormone GLP-1 to increase insulin secretion, decrease g… |
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| Insulin |
Antidiabetic, hormone |
Hormone that facilitates cellular glucose uptake, used to reduce high bloo… |
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| Macrolides |
Antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor |
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subuni… |
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| Metformin |
Antidiabetic, biguanide |
Reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity. |
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| Mineralocorticoids |
Hormone, corticosteroid |
Mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte and water balance by increasing so… |
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| Nitrates |
Vasodilator, antianginal |
Nitrates relax smooth muscle in blood vessels, dilating them and improving… |
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| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic |
NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, reducing the synthesis of pro… |
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| Opioids (narcotic analgesics) |
Analgesic, narcotic |
Opioids bind to opioid receptors in the CNS, altering the perception of an… |
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| Proton pump inhibitors |
Gastrointestinal, acid suppressant |
PPIs inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells, drasticall… |
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| Quinolones and fluoroquinolones |
Antibiotic, DNA gyrase inhibitor |
Quinolones inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, important fo… |
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| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
Antidepressant |
SSRIs selectively inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, increasi… |
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| Statins |
Antihyperlipidemic, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor |
Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol… |
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| Sulfonylureas |
Antidiabetic, insulin secretagogue |
Stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells by closing ATP-sensit… |
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| Thiazide diuretics |
Diuretic, antihypertensive |
Inhibit sodium-chloride transporter in the distal convoluted tubule, promo… |
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| Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) |
Antidepressant, psychiatric agent |
Block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, as well as antagonize othe… |
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| Vitamins |
Nutritional supplement |
Organic compounds required in small amounts for normal metabolism, growth,… |
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